This thesis is a rare, early ecological study of a lesser-known freshwater stream near Jammu. It documents the physico-chemical and biological properties of Gadigarh stream, offering baseline data on water quality, sediment, macrophytes, and plankton diversity.The study examines seasonal and diurnal changes in the stream's water chemistry, sediment texture, and aquatic vegetation. It includes detailed data on phosphate, bicarbonate, and dissolved oxygen levels, and documents 141 species of algae and key macrophytes like Hydrilla, Typha, and Potamogeton. Unique biotic and abiotic patterns tied to local geography and agriculture make it important for understanding water bodies in Jammu's peri-urban landscape.

The research examines six Gagea species from Jammu & Kashmir, analyzing their chromosome numbers, karyotypes, and reproductive biology. It identifies widespread polyploidy, protandrous flowering, and high fertility- features that support their survival and colonization in cold mountainous environments. The study also suggests that Gagea reticulata may be a key ancestor to other species in the region. Despite being outbreeders, natural interspecies crosses are rare, indicating reproductive isolation among Himalayan taxa.

This study documents a detailed floristic, cytogenetic, palynological, and taxonomic investigation of Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) in Jammu & Kashmir, focusing on their distribution, chromosome counts, pollen and fruit morphology. It reports several species and genera for the first time from the region and from India, adding new cytological data and resolving taxonomic ambiguities using modern tools like scanning electron microscopy.

This thesis documents the immense varietal diversity of apple (Malus domestica) in Kashmir Valley, analyzing 70 cultivars for their morphological traits, floral biology, breeding behavior, and cytogenetics. It identifies naming inconsistencies, classifies varieties based on fruit color, shape, and taste, and investigates pollination biology, self-compatibility, hybridization potential, and chromosome behavior. The study also explores the impact of polyploidy on apple traits and traces the origin of certain polyploids through meiotic irregularities.

This study explores the wide phenotypic variation in almond and peach trees grown in Kashmir, focusing on floral biology, nut traits, and fruit characteristics. Almonds were classified into paper-, thin-, and thick-shelled types, and peaches by stone, flesh, and skin traits. Genetic studies suggest shell thickness is polygenic, while kernel taste is monogenic. The thesis also identifies "Khar-badam" trees as probable natural hybrids between almond and peach, supported by successful artificial crosses and overlapping flowering periods.

This study focuses on the ecology and plant diversity of Bhadarwah Valley in the Pir Panjal range of Jammu & Kashmir. It details the area's geography, climate, soil properties, and vegetation zones across different altitudes. Dominated by conifers like Cedrus deodara and Pinus wallichiana, the valley supports 400 plant species across 92 families. The research also highlights seasonal changes in vegetation, biomass distribution, and threats from human and livestock activity.

This study investigates the ecological distribution, taxonomy, and nutrient requirements of 80 macrofungi species found in the Bhaderwah forests of Jammu. It analyzes their role in forest floor decomposition, the chemical composition of soil, litter, and humus, and tracks seasonal fungal growth patterns. Notably, 55 species are new records for Jammu & Kashmir, with 7 likely new to India, highlighting significant unexplored biodiversity.

This thesis presents an ecological study of grassland vegetation across varying grazing intensities from zero to heavy grazing in Jammu. It assesses plant diversity, seasonal changes, soil nutrient dynamics, biomass patterns, and the impact of grazing pressure on vegetation structure and ecosystem function. It identifies dominant species like Cynodon dactylon and explores how grazing affects soil properties and plant biomass.

This thesis investigates freshwater pollution in and around Jammu by analyzing algae as bioindicators. Over five years, water samples from 100+ sites (ponds, streams, sewage canals, lakes) were examined for physico-chemical properties, heavy metals, and algal diversity. The study used various algal indices (Palmer's, Nygaard's, Shannon-Weaver, etc.) to link algal groups, especially Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Diatoms, and Desmids, to levels and types of organic and heavy metal pollution. It identifies key indicator species for pollutants like mercury, copper, lead, zinc, and cadmium.

This thesis is the first comprehensive taxonomic survey of the algal flora in Leh (Ladakh), a remote high-altitude desert region with extreme climatic conditions. Covering diverse water bodies such as ponds, springs, streams, and snow-fed lakes, the study identified 848 algal species across nine classes, including 32 new species and 32 new varieties. The work includes taxonomic keys, detailed camera lucida illustrations, and microphotographs, along with limnological data on water chemistry and environmental conditions.

This thesis presents a detailed ecological and morphological study of three Charophyte species- Nitella hyalina, Lychnothamnus barbatus, and Chara braunii, from two Shivalik lakes, Mansar and Surinsar in Jammu. It includes light and scanning electron microscopy, highlighting significant morphological variations, reproductive structures, and oospore ornamentation. Extensive water quality analysis was carried out across seasons from 1988 to 1991 to correlate Charophyte growth with physicochemical parameters.

This thesis offers a two-year limnological investigation of Lake Mansar in the Jammu Shiwaliks, focusing on the lake's physicochemical parameters, diel and seasonal variations, phytoplankton diversity, and macrophyte distribution. It documents 207 algal species across five major algal classes and 44 macrophyte species, linking water chemistry with ecological productivity. The study establishes Lake Mansar as a eutrophic water body through detailed spatial and temporal data.

This thesis investigates 15 cultivated apple varieties from the Kashmir Valley, focusing on their morphological, biochemical, and post-harvest characteristics. It analyzes flavonoid and ninhydrin-positive compound profiles using chromatography, evaluates sugar and starch content through spectrophotometry, and studies fruit shelf-life under different storage conditions. The work distinguishes between diploid and triploid varieties and correlates biochemical profiles with storage behavior and ploidy.

This thesis examines the ecology of alpine pastures in the Pir Panjal range (Rajouri district), focusing on vegetation patterns, biomass productivity, soil conditions, and the impact of grazing by nomadic communities like the Bakkerwals. It compares fenced (protected) and grazed sites across three meadows and studies species diversity, life forms, and grazing intensity. The work also explores migration routes, livestock composition, and the socio-ecological role of pastoralism in these high-altitude ecosystems.

This thesis investigates the submerged macrophyte flora of two significant Shivalik lakes- Mansar and Suruinsar, over a period of 18 months, focusing on 7 angiosperm species. It examines their taxonomy, phenology, distribution, zonation, association, succession, and productivity in relation to physico-chemical properties of water and bottom sediment. Lake Mansar exhibited higher species diversity and more complex zonation patterns compared to Lake Suruinsar. Detailed analyses of biomass, dry matter productivity, and turnover rates of each species were conducted, establishing ecological dynamics and productivity gradients in these freshwater systems.

This study investigates keratinophilic fungi from poultry farms in Jammu district. A total of 35 fungal isolates belonging to 27 species and 12 genera were identified, mainly from soils and bird feathers. Chrysosporium and Aspergillus were the most frequent. The fungi's keratin-degrading ability, growth conditions, and enzyme activity were tested. Some species were reported for the first time in India.

This thesis compares two natural clays from Purmandal (Jammu) and Leh (Ladakh) using techniques like X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, IR spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. The Purmandal clay mainly contains montmorillonite, while the Leh clay is rich in illite and chlorite. The study also covers flow properties, particle size, and surface area to understand their composition and potential applications.

This thesis focuses on the crystallization, processing, and thermal behavior of salts from the Tsokar Lake brine in Ladakh. Using geothermal and solar energy, it studies how different salt fractions, mainly potassic and sodium salts, can be separated and processed into useful industrial products. The work also explores the thermal dehydration of schoenite to produce fertilizers like langbeinite, using non-isothermal kinetic models.

This thesis investigates springs and lakes of J&K, water samples were taken for study from various local water bodies(springs and lakes) of Jammu and Kashmir. It studies chemical and pollution status of some important springs and lakes of Kashmir valley and Jammu plains, nutrients and toxicity present in water bodies and possible specifications in these water bodies. It finds a correlation between minerals and water content.

This study explores the geomorphology-agriculture relationship in the Jammu Siwalik region, focusing on how terrain, climate, soil, drainage, and deforestation influence land use and farming. It documents shifts in cropping patterns, soil degradation, rainfall variability, irrigation development, and productivity over two decades. The research divides the region into agro-climatic zones to guide suitable cropping strategies and land use planning based on soil and moisture conditions.

This study examines forest resource use in the Jammu region, covering timber, resin, non-wood products, and biomass like fuelwood and fodder. It highlights declining extraction trends due to both conservation policies and unsustainable practices. The thesis also critiques outdated resin tapping methods and poor management of non-wood forest resources. A key focus is on human-forest interaction and how village economies rely on biomass flow systems that are now under stress.

This thesis presents a comprehensive geological study of Jammu Siwalik formations, classifying them into six major stratigraphic units based on their lithological mineralogical and structural characteristics. Through morphometric, mechanical, and palaeocurrent analysis, it reconstructs the depositional environment and climate history of region from tropical to glacial phases. It reveals environmental transitions and tectonic evolution, offering significant archival & academic value. It includes original graphs, cumulative curves, field photographs & stratigraphic plates.

This study covers geology of Suran valley in western Pir Panjal region, highlighting its district stratigraphic units -Ratanpir, Pir Panjal, and Surankot groups. It includes analysis of volcanic formations, structural zones, facies variations, and tectonic evolution. The thesis contains geological and stratigraphic maps, structural diagrams, and Photomicrographs of key rock types like Agglomeratic and Dhera Gali Schists.

This thesis provides a detailed geological mapping of the Kishwar area, covering quartzites, phyllites, schists, gneisses, amphibolites & Panjal Traps. It introduces two major lithostratigraphic groups- Kishwar & Sinthan, discusses the Chattru thrust, and analysis metamorphic zones and rock facies. The work includes geological maps, petrographic tables, structural diagrams, & photographs, offering insights into region's tectonic evolution, metamorphism and volcanism.

The study covers geological mapping of the Thannamandi area and explores various formations like Dhera Gali, Bafliaz Volcanics, Sailan Formation, and Panjal Traps. It includes fossil findings, tectonic features and petrochemical data ( Ionic weight %), supported by geological maps, cross-sections, rock photographs, and mineralogical tables, highlighting area's complex geology and scientific significance.

The study maps the geology of Doda (lat 33°3'-33°10' N, long 75°30'-75°40' E), including features like the Kaplash anticline and its connection to the Chamba region. It's the first detailed mapping of this area at a 4-inch = 1-mile scale. Rock units are classified into Salkhala metamorphics and Proterozoic to Mesozoic sequences, including schists, gneisses, marbles, quartzites, and granitic intrusions. The work also notes sulphide mineralization (like nickliferous pyrrhotite), four metamorphic facies, and explains granitization through field and petrographic data. Petrochemical studies confirm both magmatic and metasomatic origins. Includes maps and microscopic images.

The thesis examines the petrology & geochemistry of Haut Granites, identifying granite types like granodiorite and quartz granodiorite through model and chemical analysis. It confirms their magmatic origin and links their intrusion to the Caledonian Orogeny. Supporting maps, tables and photographs add depth to the study.

Based on 800 sq. km of detailed field mapping and petrochemical analysis, this study divides the area into Indus, Tethyan, and Crystalline facies. It identifies subduction related volcanic sequences, melange belts, & crustal dynamics using fossil assemblages, geochemical diagrams and structural data. The thesis presents a clear tectonic model for the island arc formation and crustal thickening, supported by stratigraphic faunal, and geochemical evidence. Diagrams, structural cross- sections, and maps enhance the depth and utility of this work.

Covering 700 sq. km of Anantnag district, this work divides the Paleozoic sequence into three major groups and proposes a new lithostratigraphic classification based on facies principles. It interprets the depositional settings of flysch-type sediments (Gauran & Hapatnar formations), orthoquartzite-carbonate platform deposits (Muth Quartzite, Syringothyris Limestone), and pyroclastic units (Agglomeratic Slates & Fenestella Shales). Using grain-size analysis, palaeocurrent data, and geochemical techniques, it reconstructs the basin geometry and sedimentation models ranging from deep-sea turbidites to tidal flat and shelf settings. This integrated approach is supported by maps, diagrams, thin section studies, and microfacies interpretation.

This study analyzes the stratigraphy and sedimentology of rock units between Jangal Gali and Salal, covering formations from the Trikuta Limestones to the Murree sandstones. It includes detailed petrographic, chemical, and morphometric analysis of dolostones, chert breccia, bauxite horizons, coal seams, and marine limestones. Special focus is given to dolomitization models, coal maturity, and depositional environments ranging from tidal flats and lagoons to coastal plains and marshes. Rich in diagrams, maps (like the Jammu coalfield map), and thin section studies, this work reconstructs the region's paleogeography from Proterozoic to Tertiary with both scientific precision and regional relevance.

This study reconstructs the geological history of the Kargil-Bodhkharbu region, tracing its evolution from Mesozoic sedimentation-both oceanic and continental-to the Tertiary molasse deposits that followed the rise of a granitic batholith. It documents key events like submarine volcanism, ophiolitic mélange emplacement, and post-Miocene Himalayan deformation, which produced large-scale folds and thrusts. The thesis also challenges the assumption of a purely oceanic suture zone, suggesting a closer link to continental margins. With detailed lithofacies maps, stratigraphic sections, and fossil records, it presents a strong, evidence-based model of tectonic evolution in one of the Himalaya's most complex and underexplored zones

The study traces geological history from Upper Palaeozoic Panjal Volcanics through the Zoji La Formation, Matayin Limestone, and into Cretaceous flysch of the Indus Suture Zone. It highlights: Platform to flysch transition (Zewan–Trias to Lamayuru facies), Time-transgressive and migrating facies, reflecting unstable shelf sedimentation , Evidence of multiple deformation phases, including melange shear zones, Dras Thrust, and post-Miocene folding and Interpretation of tectonic setting and basin development along a continental margin. The thesis uses petrographic, structural, and fossil data to propose a model of progressive geological transition, later disrupted by Himalayan orogeny. Its field-based documentation is both rare and irreplaceable.

The study focuses on two key formations: Ladakh Granite (tonalite to granite types, Cretaceous–Early Tertiary age) and Tuchik Formation (conglomerate, sandstone, shale – Tertiary age). The granite shows magmatic origin, zonal textural variation, and is part of the Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone, a crucial tectonic boundary. The Tuchik Formation, previously classified as flysch, is reinterpreted as molasse, with features like ripple marks, graded bedding, and poor sorting. Mineral and fossil data suggest strong tectonic, sedimentary, and stratigraphic significance. The thesis is rich in visual material including geological maps, contour diagrams of joints, and classification charts, adding to its archival and educational value.

The study investigates the eastern part of the Kazinag Granite Massif, bounded by Bijhama and Nardaij rock groups. Through field mapping, petrography, and chemical analysis, it identifies three types of granitic rocks-granodiorites, monzogranites, and syenogranites—arranged zonally from margins to core. The work documents slow cooling histories, feldspar triclinicity, biotite and tourmaline compositions, and records basic intrusions linked to Panjal Volcanics. The presence of hornfels zones, xenoliths, and apophyses confirms the intrusive nature of the granite. Chemical variation diagrams further suggest a magmatic origin. The thesis includes valuable maps, geological sections, petrographic diagrams, and rare photographs, such as a panoramic view of the Kazinag Range from Nardaij village, offering visual documentation that enhances the historical and archival significance of this scientific work.

The thesis examines the Vaishnodevi Dolostones, divided into lower and upper units with distinct features like stromatolites, colites, stylolites, and dolomitization patterns. Chemical and X-ray analyses confirm high MgO and insoluble residue content, suggesting formation in sabkha-like supratidal environments. It also studies the Khargala breccia and Bergos bauxite and coal layers, linking them to residual weathering and karst-related deposition. The Subathu Formation is described in terms of fossil-rich limestone, nummulitic fauna, and coal seams, interpreted as marshy deposits formed under eustatic conditions. The upper sequences , Siwalik-like Neogene Clastic formations , are analyzed for their fluvial facies, sediment textures, and paleoenvironments. The thesis is richly supported by original diagrams, stratigraphic logs, field maps, photoplates, and mineralogical tables, making it a comprehensive archival document.

The study covers four major formations - Zewan, Khunmmu, Pastuni, and Khrew -analyzing their lithology, facies types, depositional environments, and chemical properties. It explains shelf margin evolution through depositional models and emphasizes environmental changes like marine regressions, salinity variations, and slope dynamics. The thesis also includes petrographic details, thermal and chemical analysis, and well-documented stratigraphic profiles, all of which are significant for preserving J&K's marginalized scientific contributions in geology.

The study focuses on the mineralogical, chemical, and petrographic analysis of six distinct granitic rock types from the Kaplas Granite Massif. Using field mapping, thin section studies, and chemical analysis (including trace elements), the thesis traces their genesis from deep crustal melting (anatexis). It also discusses hybrid rocks, aplite and pegmatite veins, and reveals key evidence for synkinematic granite emplacement during the Hercynian orogeny. The geochemical evolution is supported with diagrams, modal plots, and trace element behavior. With detailed stratigraphy, structural observations, and comparisons to other Himalayan granites, this work forms a rich scientific record of the region's local geology and tectonic history.

This thesis presents a comprehensive petrographic, mineralogical, and petrochemical study of the Ladakh granite around Sakti in Ladakh district. It identifies three structural zones: the Ladakh granite batholith, the Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone rocks, and the southern Tethyan sediments. The work classifies granitic rocks into tonalites, granodiorites, and monzogranites based on modal analysis, and confirms their magmatic origin through field evidence (e.g., xenoliths, zoning) and mineral chemistry (e.g., An-content, zoning in plagioclase, euhedral zircons). It also describes the overlying Tuchik Formation consisting of conglomerates, sandstones, and shales. The study includes X-ray diffraction, thin section microscopy, structural mapping, and petrochemical diagrams (binary and ternary plots), and interprets the Ladakh granite as a product of a Cretaceous-Early Tertiary magmatic event. The thesis is supported by geological maps, diagrams, and tabulated geochemical data.

The thesis studies the Cambrian rock sequence of Kashmir and how it transitions from the Upper Proterozoic formations. It points out that while other parts of the Himalayas show sharp facies changes, Kashmir has a more gradual variation. The study questions older theories about tectonic barriers and instead explains the lack of fossils in some sections through ecological reasons. It also highlights that some fossil species found in Kashmir are not present in Spiti, which shows how unique and localized the fossil record here is. Overall, the work adds depth to our understanding of early geological history in this region and deserves to be part of any archive that highlights the scientific contributions from J&K.

The thesis focuses on the petrological characterization of Panjal Trap volcanics and overlying carbonate sequences in the Bandipura region (Baramulla district, J&K). It identifies six volcanic types, notes amphibolite facies metamorphism, and interprets their tholeiitic basaltic-andesitic nature via major element analysis. The associated limestones are dolomitized, ranging from micrite to biosparite and packstone types. X-ray, staining, and chemical analyses reveal shoreline carbonate deposition in a low-energy, isolated marine basin environment. The work includes petrographic plates, structural maps, chemical plots, and mineral studies, contributing significantly to regional geological knowledge.

The study investigates the igneous complex around Kargil, focusing on rock types such as norites, gabbros, diorites, tonalites, and granites, along with doleritic and aplite dykes. Through petrography, major and trace element analysis, and field mapping, it concludes that the complex evolved via magmatic differentiation linked to subduction processes along the Indus-Tsangpo suture. The thesis includes AFM diagrams, oxide variation plots, geological maps, and lithostratigraphic correlations with the Ladakh batholith, providing valuable insight into the magmatic and tectonic evolution of the region.

The study presents the lithostratigraphy, metamorphic history, structural geology, and petrography of the Thatri area, identifying key formations like the Salkhala and Bhadarwah. It discusses five metamorphic episodes, rock fabric evolution, and mineral assemblages. The thesis includes geological maps, structural cross-sections, and petrographic data. This work captures the complex geological evolution of the Lesser Himalayas and stands out for its detailed regional mapping and interpretation of metamorphic processes.

The thesis covers stratigraphic, tectonic, and palaeontological mapping between Bodhkharbu and Khaltse in Ladakh, over ~1000 sq. km. It classifies the area into Ladakh Facies, Indus Facies, and Tethys Facies. It discusses the Triassic–Liassic Zoji-La and Matayin limestones, Cretaceous Dras Formation volcanics with radiolarian cherts, and ophiolitic mélanges emplaced in Late Cretaceous–Post-Cretaceous time. Kargil Formation is interpreted as a molasse sequence dated Paleocene-Miocene. Fossil assemblages of foraminifera, Orbitolina, bivalves, and ostracodes support biostratigraphic zonation. The study also identifies Himalayan folding and thrusting (Miocene and later) as the main cause of complex rock juxtaposition. Maps, photographs, and faunal illustrations support the findings.

This work involves petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical analysis of Ladakh Granite between Runlhor and Hanuthang. The granites are classified into monzogranites, quartz monzonites, and granodiorites, with a zonal distribution pattern. Field and thin section studies reveal features like oscillatory zoning, undulose extinction in quartz, and triclinic feldspars. Dioritic intrusions and Late Cretaceous, Eocene volcanic-sedimentary units unconformably overlie the granite. Based on chemical data, the granite is concluded to be of magmatic origin, likely emplaced during a single prolonged phase from the Cretaceous to Early Tertiary. The thesis includes maps, figures, X-ray results, and thin-section imagery.

The work examines the Ladakh Granite and surrounding formations through field mapping, petrography, and geochemical analysis. It classifies granites into monzogranites and granodiorites, supported by modal and mineralogical data. It also details the Skinding and Kuksho formations, sedimentary structures, and late-stage intrusives. The study confirms a magmatic origin and suggests a Cretaceous-Early Tertiary age. Maps, diagrams, and thin-section photographs support the findings.

Covers the detailed stratigraphic succession from Salkhala Group (Proterozoic) to Murree Formation (Oligocene), with special focus on granitoids, metamorphism, and Panjal volcanics. The study identifies multiple deformation phases and proposes new interpretations of magmatic evolution and mineralization. Economic minerals like gypsum and pyrites are reported, along with preliminary data on radioactivity in granitic bodies. Contains geological maps, correlation charts, petrographic diagrams, and field photographs—making it a valuable archival resource for documenting marginalized geological research from J&K.

The thesis presents a comprehensive stratigraphic and palaeontological analysis of the Cambrian sequence in Spiti, with a focus on the Parahio Formation. It includes lithostratigraphic columns, systematic palaeontology of trilobites, brachiopods, and trace fossils, along with biostratigraphic zonation from the Middle to early Upper Cambrian. Special attention is given to generic shifts and newly reported species, adding taxonomic depth. Rich in photographs, lithological diagrams, correlation charts, and palaeogeographic maps, the work not only updates Cambrian faunal records but also links them to broader Australo-Asian biogeographic patterns, including comparisons with fauna from Kashmir and other parts of J&K.

Focusing on trilobite-bearing Cambrian sequences of Kashmir's Pohru Group and Spiti's Parahio Formation, the work defines distinct faunal assemblages, zones, and provincialism patterns. It introduces new genera and species, discusses stratigraphic discontinuities, and compares Indian faunas with those from China, Iran, Australia, and others. Through palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic mapping, it situates Himalayan Cambrian faunas within the Australo-Asian superregion. The inclusion of detailed taxonomic data, lithostratigraphy, and palaeobiogeography adds strong archival value.

The study presents systematic descriptions of trilobites and brachiopods from two synclines in Pohru Valley, including new genera and species. It establishes faunal assemblage zones, prepares lithostratigraphic columns, and conducts biometric analysis to track evolutionary trends. The fossil record is correlated with global sections, linking Kashmir's ancient biodiversity with broader paleogeographic patterns. Photographs, diagrams, and detailed tables enhance its archival significance.

This thesis presents a detailed petrographic and geochemical study of the Panjal volcanics around Banihal, a geologically significant but less-documented region of the Kashmir Himalaya. The research identifies various volcanic rock types,mainly basaltic to andesitic, showing tholeiitic affinity, low-grade metamorphism, and marine extrusion origin. Using thin section analysis and trace element geochemistry, the study reveals limited magmatic differentiation and suggests partial melting of the upper mantle during the Hercynian orogeny. It offers valuable insights into the tectonic and magmatic evolution of the region.

This thesis is the first detailed scientific study on the physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of six clay samples found in Jammu Province. Five of them were identified as calcium-magnesium-based bentonites and one (Jungle Kali) as kaolinitic. The work covers various properties like swelling, plasticity, viscosity, shrinkage, thermal response, and electrical conductivity through lab techniques like XRD, DTA, IR, and triaxial testing. The kaolinitic sample was also tested with feldspar and quartz to check its suitability for ceramics. Overall, the research highlights the industrial potential of these local clays with clear characterization.

This thesis explores locally occurring clay minerals from different sites in Jammu Province. It focuses on their physical, chemical, and thermal properties. Using methods like XRD, DTA, and IR, the study identifies most samples as bentonitic and one (Jungle Kali) as kaolinitic. Their swelling behaviour, plasticity, viscosity, and thermal strength were tested in detail. The findings also suggest that with some adjustments in composition and processing, these clays, especially the kaolinitic one, could be useful for ceramic or industrial purposes.

This study, conducted in rural Jammu during 1986–87, explores the knowledge and use of family planning and maternal-child health (MCH) services. It highlights high antenatal care registration and immunization coverage but notes continued reliance on home deliveries by untrained individuals. Cultural beliefs, limited awareness, and poor utilization of available health infrastructure are key barriers. Statistical models were used to analyze birth intervals and fertility behavior.

This study investigates the feeding habits and reproductive cycles of four native fish species from Kashmir: Schizothorax niger, Crossocheilus latius diplochilus, Botia birdi, and Nemacheilus kashmirensis. It highlights species-specific diets (herbivorous, omnivorous, carnivorous) and examines gonadal development through seasonal changes. Histological analysis reveals spawning patterns and hormonal influences tied to environmental factors like temperature. A link between feeding intensity and reproductive phases is also observed.

This thesis documents 79 species of leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) from Jammu division, including 17 species new to science, three under newly proposed genera. It also provides identification keys, ecological notes, and highlights their role as agricultural pests and disease vectors. The study spans diverse habitats from arid plains to high-altitude forests.

This thesis presents a detailed limnological study of the Gadigarh stream near Jammu, examining seasonal and diurnal variations in water and soil chemistry, biological communities, and ecological interactions. It highlights the stream's high productivity and suitability for composite aquaculture, emphasizing nutrient richness (calcium, magnesium, phosphate) and ecological diversity.

This comprehensive parasitological survey (1974–1979) of Jammu province documents 32 species of trematodes from 79 cold-blooded vertebrate hosts, including fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and snails. Of these, 17 species are new to science and 16 genera are recorded for the first time in Jammu & Kashmir. The study also proposes revised taxonomies, keys for species identification, and records several new host-parasite relationships, contributing to the broader understanding of trematode diversity and systematics in the region.

This detailed herpetological study investigates the diversity, distribution, and zoogeography of amphibians and reptiles across the three main regions of Jammu & Kashmir-Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh. It maps 76 confirmed species, noting their regional affinities (Palearctic vs. Oriental), altitudinal distribution, and unique faunal composition. The research identifies several new species and highlights the presence of 11 species endemic to J&K, which are not found elsewhere in India. The study also provides evidence for historical faunal migration patterns and environmental adaptations shaped by geography and climate.

This study investigates the reproductive biology of three freshwater turtle species from Jammu-Lissemys punctata punctata, Kachuga tectum tectum, and Kachuga smithi. Despite differences in habitat preference and morphology, all three species exhibit a similar annual reproductive cycle influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and photoperiod. The research covers courtship, clutch size, ovarian phases, and histological changes across seasons.

The study explores the early development of fish eggs and larvae of four freshwater species from Jammu. It focuses on species-specific pigmentation patterns, key morphological traits for larval identification, and the effects of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and temperature on survival. A local key for identifying larval stages is also proposed.

This study presents detailed chromosomal analyses (karyotyping) of 26 fish species found in the waters of Jammu, representing 11 families across 5 orders. It focuses on diploid numbers, chromosome morphology, arm numbers, sex-mechanism, and polyploidy, and relates these genetic findings to fish systematics, phylogeny, hybridization potential, and speciation. Observed patterns reflect evolutionary trends and regional adaptations.

This thesis is a comprehensive study on larval trematodes infecting freshwater snails in two water bodies near Jammu- Gadigarh and Ghomanhasan. It identifies 16 cercarial species infecting six gastropod hosts, documenting their classification, seasonal emergence patterns, transmission, host specificity, histopathological effects, and environmental triggers like temperature and light. Several new cercarial forms have been described, some linked experimentally to known adult trematodes in fish and amphibian hosts.

This thesis studies the early larval stages of Aspidoparia morar and Puntius conchonius from Jammu waters. It focuses on feeding habits, development of digestive organs, survival under different food concentrations and stocking densities, and effects of artificial vs. natural diets. The work also identifies the timing for first feeding and signs of starvation in larvae.

This study explores the early developmental stages of Aspidoparia morar, focusing on how various abiotic (temperature, light, pH, pesticides) and biotic factors (feeding, predation, cannibalism, stocking density) affect egg and larval survival. Experiments were conducted on wild-collected eggs from the Sehi stream near Jammu, aiming to identify optimal conditions for hatching, survival, and growth. The research also covers feeding behaviors, structural adaptations, and critical stress factors affecting larval health in controlled environments.

This study investigates the ecological and developmental biology of three freshwater fish species- Puntius conchonius, Tor tor, and Xenentodon cancila from the Jammu region. It includes field-based collection of eggs and larvae, experimental analysis of feeding behavior, diel feeding patterns, predator-prey interactions, fungal infection spread, cannibalism, phototaxis, and the effect of temperature on hatching. The work combines lab and field techniques to understand larval survival under varying environmental conditions.

This thesis provides a comprehensive taxonomic, biological, and ecological study of treehoppers (family Membracidae) infesting Dalbergia sissoo (shisham) in Jammu and adjoining districts. Twenty species were recorded, out of which eleven were identified as new to science. Detailed morphological descriptions, including genitalia and developmental stages, are given along with dichotomous keys. The study also covers life cycles, oviposition, damage patterns, predator-prey interactions, ant attendance, and environmental effects. It highlights the economic importance of shisham and the understudied impact of sap-sucking insects like treehoppers on it.

This thesis presents a detailed ecological and behavioral study of the Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar chukar) in Leh, covering aspects like habitat use, breeding, nesting, chick care, feeding, and seasonal adaptations. It highlights temperature and food availability as key triggers for breeding and includes practical suggestions for conservation and habitat management in Ladakh's high-altitude desert.

This study presents a comprehensive ecological analysis of the Hygam Wetland in Kashmir, focusing on water chemistry, plankton, benthos, waterfowl diets, and habitat conditions during 1983–84. It includes critical observations on the seasonal food habits of dabbling ducks, impacts of hunting (especially lead poisoning), and proposes concrete wetland management strategies such as controlled grazing, vegetation clearance, and water level manipulation.

This thesis presents an in-depth ecological and biological study of Oreinus richardsonii (snow trout) in Neeru nullah, a cold, fast-flowing stream in Bhaderwah (Jammu). It examines the fish's feeding, reproduction, parasitic infections, and their correlation with seasonal and diel fluctuations in water quality parameters. The work also highlights environmental threats such as deforestation, siltation, overfishing, and chemical contamination, which are contributing to the decline of this native cold-water species.

This study compares high-altitude (Bhaderwah) and low-altitude (R.S. Pura) ponds in Jammu, analyzing seasonal and daily variations in water quality, plankton, benthic organisms, and fish growth. It focuses on abiotic factors (like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen) and biotic components (like plankton diversity, Cyprinus carpio growth and survival), providing a detailed picture of freshwater ecology at different altitudes.

This research investigates age, growth, and hormonal influences on freshwater fishes- Cyprinus carpio, Rasbora rasbora, and Puntius ticto, from Jammu division. It uses scale, otolith, and operculum analysis to determine growth patterns and evaluates the effects of anabolic hormones (Thyroxine, Testosterone Propionate, and pituitary extracts) on carp growth via different routes. It concludes with practical recommendations for hormone use, feeding, and harvesting strategies for aquaculture enhancement.

This study examines the seasonal impact of sewage discharge on the water quality and aquatic biodiversity of the Tawi River in Jammu from August 1988 to July 1990. It analyzes physicochemical parameters (like temperature, pH, DO, BOD, nutrients, hardness, etc.) and their effects on plankton, macrobenthos, and selected aquatic organisms through both field and lab studies. It documents changes in biological indicators at polluted, revival, and unpolluted stations, offering insight into the ecological health of the river ecosystem.

This study (1989–1991) documents seasonal and depth-wise variations in water quality and aquatic life of Lake Mansar across its littoral, sublittoral, and profundal zones. It covers parameters like temperature, DO, pH, CO₂, and benthic and nektonic fauna. The findings suggest the lake is eutrophic due to low transparency, oxygen decline with depth, and dominance of species like oligochaetes and chironomids.

This study investigates the morphology, seasonal distribution, host range, and ecological patterns of digenetic trematodes infecting aquatic cold-blooded vertebrates- fish, amphibians, and reptiles in various freshwater bodies of Jammu province. The research spans multiple limnologically standardized sites across subtropical and temperate zones and addresses gaps in earlier studies by focusing on seasonal prevalence, infection intensity, and parasite-host-environment interactions.

This two-year study from a fish pond in Jammu examined seasonal changes in water quality, bacterial diversity, and fish diseases. Eighteen bacterial species were identified from water and fish organs. Some were linked to infections like fin rot, dropsy, and furunculosis in local fish species. Antibiotic tests were conducted to check treatment effectiveness.

This study investigated intestinal trematode parasites in two frog species (Rana cyanophlyctis and Rana tigrina) from two ponds in Jammu. Seven trematode species were identified, with distinct distribution patterns between host species and sexes. Some parasites were found to be host-specific or sex-biased. The study highlights interspecific interactions, infection intensity, and niche preferences of parasites at the infra-community level.

This study explored the morphological, nutritional, and genetic traits of bivoltine silkworm breeds (Jam and Pam) reared in Jammu. It identified high-performing breeds and developed promising hybrids through diallel crossing. The research offers practical solutions to boost cocoon yield and silk quality in the subtropical belt of J&K, which traditionally lacks consistent silk production.